XII Biology Nervous Coordination Online Test Mdcat-2024

1. What is the spinal cord primarily responsible for?

2. The brainstem consists of three distinct parts. What are these parts?

3. Which part of the hindbrain tends to influence transitions between sleep and wakefulness and plays a role in the rate and pattern of breathing?

4. What is the primary function of the medulla in the hindbrain?

5. In the cerebral cortex, which area is responsible for higher mental activities such as intelligence, reasoning, and memory?

6. Which part of the limbic system contains clusters of neurons involved in hormone production and neural conduction?

7. What are the four regions based on anatomical criteria that divide the cerebral cortex?

8. The diencephalon consists of which major integrating center and main input center for sensory information?

9. What is the primary role of the limbic system's amygdala?

10. Which part of the brain acts as a major coordinating center, controlling body temperature, hunger, thirst, and water balance?

11. In the cerebral cortex, which lobe is responsible for controlling responses of the body?

12. Inhibitory synapses lead to the opening of which channels, causing a change in the membrane potential?

13. Which neurotransmitter, mentioned as one of the most common excitatory neurotransmitters, can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the type of receptor?

14. At an excitatory synapse, what is the electrical change caused by the binding of neurotransmitter to the receptor called?

15. What is a synapse?

16. How is the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft accomplished?

17. In a chemical synapse, what triggers the release of neurotransmitters by exocytosis?

18. What are the two basic types of synapses in animals?

19. Which cell transmits the action potential to the synapse?

20. What is the structure of a synapse, and what is the gap between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic cells called?

21. What is a synapse primarily responsible for?

22. What is the term for the condition where the membrane becomes more negative than the resting potential after depolarization?

23. What is the duration for the return to the resting state during repolarization usually taken in milliseconds?

24. What is the voltage measured across the neurolemma when the membrane is at rest and not being stimulated?

25. What is the term for the rapid shift from negative to positive membrane potential during depolarization?

26. What is the threshold potential for a neuron to undergo an action potential?

27. What event marks the beginning of depolarization during the generation of an action potential?

28. What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron in millivolts?

29. What is the condition during which the electrical balance is restored inside and outside the neurolemma, involving the opening of potassium channels?

30. During depolarization, which ions rush inside the cell, causing the membrane potential to change from negative to positive?

31. What is the term for the voltage measured across the neurolemma of a neuron?

32. What is the electrical signal that depends on the flow of ions across the membrane of a neuron called?

33. In a reflex action involving a sensory receptor, afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuron, and effector, identify the correct sequence of their activation in terms of signal transmission.

34. In reflex actions, what is the pathway along which impulses are transmitted from a receptor to an effector called?

35. What is the primary function of motor neurons?

36. Which type of neuron facilitates the movement of sensory impulses from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)?

37. What structures are associated with protein synthesis and contain a group of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the neuron?

38. Which cells produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?

39. What is the term for the non-myelinated part of the axon between two Schwann cells?

40. Which part of the neuron is primarily involved in guiding axon migration and providing immune functions?

41. What type of cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

42. Which part of the neuron responds to signals from other neurons or the external environment due to its branched form?

43. What is the structure that is involved in the production of neurotransmitters?

44. Taste receptors found in the tongue are called _______.

45. Which receptors detect changes in the total solute concentration of the blood and stimulate thirst when osmolarity increases?

46. What type of neurons receive all sensory inputs from receptors and transmit them to the central nervous system (CNS)?

47. Where are olfactory receptors found, responsible for the sense of smell?

48. Which receptors transmit information about the total solute concentration in a solution and respond to individual kinds of molecules?

49. Which receptors are stimulated by a stimulus that causes or is about to cause tissue damage, perceived as pain?

50. What type of receptors respond to physical deformation caused by stimuli like pressure, touch, stretch, motion, and sound?