XII Biology Chemical Coordination Online Test Mdcat-2024

Instructions for XII Chemical Coordination Online Test Mdcat-2024:

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NameEmailPhone Number

1 / 50

1. Among the Steroid hormones, which one is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

a) Aldosterone

b) Testosterone

c) Progesterone

d) Estrogen

2 / 50

2. Which hormone is essential for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle?

a) Testosterone

b) Progesterone

c) Estrogen

d) Cortisol

3 / 50

3. What condition is associated with an under-active thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance?

a) Cushing's syndrome

b) Addison's disease

c) Hyperthyroidism

d) Hypothyroidism

4 / 50

4. What is the primary role of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) in the Endocrine System?

a) It directly promotes growth

b) Stimulating the release of Growth Hormone

c) Regulating menstrual cycles

d) Producing saliva

5 / 50

5. Which system is responsible for releasing hormones like insulin and cortisol?

a) Endocrine System

b) Exocrine System

c) Both systems

d) Neither system

6 / 50

6. Which of the following is an example of a gland in the Exocrine System?

a) Thyroid

b) Pituitary

c) Salivary gland

d) Adrenal gland

7 / 50

7. Where do hormones in the Endocrine System act?

a) Nearby target areas

b) Distant target cells or organs

c) Through saliva

d) Via ducts

8 / 50

8. In which system do glands like the thyroid and pituitary belong?

a) Exocrine System

b) Endocrine System

c) Both systems

d) Neither system

9 / 50

9. How does the Exocrine System transport its secretions?

a) Through ducts or tubes

b) Directly into the bloodstream

c) Via saliva

d) Using hormones

10 / 50

10. How do hormones travel to their target cells?

a) By attaching to nerves

b) Through the bloodstream

c) By swimming through tissues

d) They don't travel

11 / 50

11. Where are hormones produced?

a) In muscles

b) In specialized tissues called glands

c) In the brain only

d) Everywhere in the body

12 / 50

12. During childbirth, a positive feedback loop involving hormones plays a crucial role. Which of the following accurately describes this process?

a) Estrogen levels rise, stimulating contractions, which then trigger the release of progesterone to slow contractions down.

b) Stretching of the cervix during childbirth triggers the release of oxytocin, which strengthens contractions. This in turn stimulates further release of oxytocin, creating a positive feedback loop that intensifies contractions until delivery.

c) Prolactin levels increase during childbirth, inhibiting oxytocin release and slowing down contractions.

d) The release of oxytocin during childbirth has no positive feedback mechanism and solely depends on initial stimulation.

13 / 50

13. An example of negative feedback in chemical coordination is the regulation of blood sugar levels by insulin and glucagon. When blood sugar rises:

a) Both insulin and glucagon are released, further increasing blood sugar levels.

b) Only glucagon is released, which stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.

c) Insulin is released, which promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood sugar levels.

d) The body has no mechanism to regulate blood sugar levels.

14 / 50

14. Why are hormones considered complex molecules in chemical coordination?

a) They are easily broken down before reaching their target cells.

b) They are simple chemicals produced by all cell types

c) They need to be complex enough to convey specific regulatory information and they reach target cells without break down

d) They cannot be transported in the bloodstream

15 / 50

15. What is the main difference between how hormones and neurotransmitters function in cell communication?

a) Hormones travel shorter distances than neurotransmitters.

b) Neurotransmitters are released by specialized glands, while hormones are not.

c) Hormones can reach all parts of the body, while neurotransmitters typically have a more localized effect.

d) Only target cells respond to neurotransmitters, while hormones affect all cells.

16 / 50

16. In chemical coordination, how do hormones reach their target cells?

a) Through direct physical contact between cells

b) By traveling through ducts to nearby cells

c) Transported in the bloodstream

d) They cannot reach distant target cells

17 / 50

17. Tick the incorrect Statement:

a) The Exocrine System releases enzymes such as amylase and lipase

b) The Exocrine System acts on nearby target cells or organs

c) Examples of glands in the Endocrine System include the salivary glands and sweat glands.

d) The Endocrine System releases secretions directly into the bloodstream.

18 / 50

18. Tick the Correct Statement:

a) Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) inhibits the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

b) Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates the release of prolactin.

c) Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibits the secretion of Growth hormone

d) Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) inhibits the release of prolactin.

19 / 50

19. Select the accurate statement(s) regarding the key points and hormone production of Gonads, focusing on the Testes (Male) and Ovaries (Female).

a) Testes, located in the abdominal cavity, produce eggs and female sex hormones

b) Testosterone, produced by Leydig cells, has no role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.

c) Ovaries, located in the scrotum, are responsible for sperm and male sex hormone production

d) Estrogen effects include breast development, fat distribution, and the start of the menstrual cycle (menarche).

20 / 50

20. Choose the accurate statement(s) regarding Gonads:

a) Testosterone, produced by Leydig cells, has no effects on muscle mass or bone density.

b) FSH stimulates Sertoli cells for sperm development in the testes.

c) Ovaries, located in the scrotum, produce eggs and the male sex hormone Testosterone

d) Progesterone, produced by the ovaries, plays a role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.

21 / 50

21. Select the accurate statement(s) regarding the Adrenal Gland, specifically focusing on the Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla, considering their locations, hormones produced, functions, and associated conditions.

a) The Adrenal Medulla, located in the inner core atop each kidney, produces hormones such as Cortisol and Androgens

b) Aldosterone, produced by the Adrenal Medulla, regulates salt and water balance in the body

c) The Adrenal Cortex is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

d) Low secretion of cortisol causes Addison's disease

22 / 50

22. Choose the accurate statement(s) concerning the Adrenal Gland, specifically focusing on the Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla, considering their locations, hormones produced, functions, and associated conditions.

a) The Adrenal Medulla, located in the outer layer atop each kidney, produces hormones such as Cortisol and Aldosterone

b) Aldosterone, produced by the Adrenal Cortex, regulates salt and water balance in the body.

c) Cortisol, produced by the Adrenal Medulla, triggers the "fight or flight" response in stressful situations.

d) Low secretion of cortisol causes Cushing's syndrome, characterized by high blood pressure, weight gain, and muscle wasting.

23 / 50

23. Select the accurate statement(s) regarding Diabetes Type-I and Diabetes Type-II, considering their descriptions, causes, and treatments.

i) Diabetes Type-I is primarily associated with a lack of insulin production, leading to the need for insulin injections.

ii) In Diabetes Type-II, body cells do not respond to insulin

iii) Diabetes Type-I and Type-II are both autoimmune disorders

a) Only I and ii

b) Only ii and iii

c) Only ii

d) Only i

24 / 50

24. Select the accurate statement(s) regarding insulin and glucagon, considering their types, functions, and associated concepts.

a) Insulin, classified as a peptide hormone, raises blood sugar levels by promoting glucose release from the liver.

b) Glucagon, a peptide hormone, is synthesized by alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans and actively promotes glycogen breakdown.

c) The overall role of insulin involves mobilizing energy reserves and regulating calcium levels in the blood.

d) Glucagon, when stimulated by low blood sugar, counteracts insulin by promoting glucose uptake and storage.

25 / 50

25. What deficiency can lead to goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid?

a) Vitamin D

b) Iodine

c) Thyroxin

d) Calcium

26 / 50

26. What is the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) produced by the parathyroid gland?

a) Regulating body temperature

b) Enhancing calcium absorption from food

c) Stimulating bone breakdown to release calcium

d) Maintaining proper iodine levels

27 / 50

27. Which condition is characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as sweating, weight loss, heat intolerance, irritability, and high blood pressure?

a) Hypothyroidism

b) Goiter

c) Hyperthyroidism

d) Cretinism

28 / 50

28. What is another term for the pituitary gland?

a) Thyroid

b) Hypothalamus

c) Adrenal gland

d) Hypophysis

29 / 50

29. Which part of the pituitary gland contains nerve endings from the hypothalamus and releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin?

a) Anterior pituitary

b) Posterior pituitary

c) Lateral pituitary

d) Medial pituitary

30 / 50

30. What is the term for the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands?

a) Tropic hormones

b) Neurotransmitters

c) Steroid hormones

d) Growth factors

31 / 50

31. What are the two main lobes of the pituitary gland?

a) Anterior and Posterior

b) Left and Right

c) Superior and Inferior

d) Medial and Lateral

32 / 50

32. Where is the pituitary gland located?

a) In the thoracic cavity

b) At the base of the brain

c) Within the abdominal cavity

d) Alongside the spinal cord

33 / 50

33. The hormone GH or STH, produced by the Anterior Pituitary, has a direct role in:

a) Stimulating the thyroid gland

b) Regulating water balance

c) Promoting growth of muscles, bones, etc.

d) Initiating uterine contractions

34 / 50

34. Which hormone, produced by the anterior Pituitary, is involved in the synthesis of melanin?

a) Oxytocin

b) Vasopressin or ADH

c) MSH

d) Prolactin

35 / 50

35. Which Statement is correct about prolactin?

i. Produced by Anterior Pituitary

ii. Helps in Milk Production

iii.Helps In Milk ejection

iv. Maintains Pregnancy

a) Only i

b) Only ii and iii

c) Only i and ii

d) All are correct

36 / 50

36. Which hormone, stored in the Posterior Pituitary, is produced by the Hypothalamus and promotes water reabsorption in the renal tubule of kidneys?

a) ADH

b) FSH

c) ACTH

d) LH

37 / 50

37. What is the primary function of Vasopressin or ADH, a hormone produced by the Hypothalamus and stored in the Posterior Pituitary?

a) Promotes growth of muscles, bones, etc.

b) Regulates water balance and blood pressure

c) Stimulates melanin synthesis

d) Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

38 / 50

38. Among the hormones listed for the Anterior Pituitary, which one is required for the maturation of sperm in males and ovarian follicles in females?

a) MSH

b) GH or STH

c) Prolactin

d) FSH

39 / 50

39. Which hormone, produced by the Anterior Pituitary, is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin?

a) GH or STH

b) TSH

c) FSH

d) Prolactin

40 / 50

40. What is the function of Oxytocin, a hormone stored in the Posterior Pituitary?

a) Regulates water balance and blood pressure

b) Stimulates melanin synthesis

c) Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection

d) Promotes growth of muscles, bones, etc.

41 / 50

41. Certain medications can mimic the action of hormones. A drug is designed to stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas. Based on the target and desired effect, this drug most likely affects the:

a) Exocrine portion of the pancreas, promoting the release of digestive enzymes.

b) Endocrine portion of the pancreas, increasing the secretion of insulin into the bloodstream.

c) Both portions equally, as insulin can also function as a digestive enzyme.

d) Neither portion directly, but it stimulates the nervous system to trigger insulin release

42 / 50

42. The pancreas is a unique organ that plays a role in both digestion and blood sugar regulation. Which of the following statements accurately describes the pancreas in this context?

a) It functions solely as an exocrine gland, releasing digestive enzymes through ducts into the small intestine.

b) It acts exclusively as an endocrine gland, secreting hormones like insulin directly into the bloodstream.

c) It functions as a mixed gland, containing both exocrine and endocrine tissues with distinct functions.

d) The exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas have the same target cells and effects.

43 / 50

43. A hormone which is fat-soluble and Functions by binding to receptors within the nucleus. Based on this information, the hormone is most likely classified as a:

a) Protein hormone with enzymatic activity

b) Steroid hormone influencing gene expression

c) Amino acid derivative hormone affecting protein synthesis

d) Water-soluble hormone triggering a secondary messenger cascade

44 / 50

44. A hormone regulates blood sugar levels and is secreted by the pancreas. It cannot directly enter target cells due to its chemical structure. How does this hormone most likely exert its effect?

a) By binding to cell surface receptors and activating protein kinases

b) By directly entering the cell nucleus and modifying gene expression

c) By binding to cell surface receptors and triggering the production of a secondary messenger like cAMP

d) By altering the permeability of the cell membrane for specific molecules

45 / 50

45. A hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle. Based on its function and origin, this hormone is most likely classified as:

a) Peptide hormone derived from amino acids

b) Amino acid derivative hormone

c) Steroid hormone derived from cholesterol

d) Steroid hormone derived from Amino acids

46 / 50

46. A hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland regulates water reabsorption by the kidneys. Chemically, it is likely to be a:

a) Peptide and protein hormone derived from Cholesterol

b) Peptide and protein hormone derived from amino acids

c) Amino acid derivative hormone

d) Steroid hormone

47 / 50

47. A signal molecule is released from the adrenal medulla in response to stress. It increases heart rate, and blood sugar levels, and prepares the body for action. This hormone is most likely classified as:

a) An Amino acid derivative hormone derived from tyrosine

b) A long-chain protein hormone derived from amino acids

c) An amino acid derivative hormone derived from tryptophan

d) A steroid hormone derived from cholesterol

48 / 50

48. Select the Correct Row:

Question about testes and Ovaries

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

49 / 50

49. What is Correct about Melatonin?

i. Amino acid derivative hormone
ii. involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle
iii. derived from Tryptophan
iv. is a pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color

a) only i, ii and iii

b) only iii and ii

c) Only i and iv

d) all are correct

50 / 50

50. Identify the incorrect statement regarding Peptide and Protein hormones.

a) Insulin is a Protein hormone

b) Growth hormone (GH) is an example of a Protein hormone

c) They are composed of amino acid chains with varying lengths

d) Long-chain Peptide hormones are derived from Cholestrol

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