MDCAT XII Biology Support and Movement Online Test-2

1. The human endoskeleton is composed of bones and cartilage, which provide:

2. Bones are composed of:

3. Bones of the skeletal system:

4. The percentage of water that bone contains is:

5. The region of the bone between its middle and terminal ends is called:

6. ____ is filled with red bone marrow, which produces __% of blood cells and forms __% of the total mass of the skeleton:

7. The external part of the diaphysis is called:

8. Cortical bone forms ___% of the skeletal structure:

9. ____ provides pathways for blood and lymphatic vessels, and ____ contains progenitor stem cells:

10. The epiphysis contains small, weight-bearing cross-linked regions called:

11. ___phagocytosize the bony matrix ,___secrete bone matrix to form spongy bone,___form the bones, osteocytes direct ___to site of damage and direct fast healing

A.osteocyte
B.osteoblast
C.osteoclast

12. Cartilage:

13. ____ cartilage is found between the ribs and sternum, in the nose, and on bone surfaces:

14. ____ cartilage is the hardest and is found in intervertebral discs, knee joints, and the pectoral girdle:

15. The most flexible and strong type of cartilage is:

16. The percentage of water in cartilage is:

17. Which of the following characteristics apply to cartilage?

1. Calcified
2. Does not calcify
3. Forms blood cells
4. Does not form blood cells
5. Covered by perichondrium

18. ____ provide attachment for essential receptor organs:

19. These bones help in breathing, eating, facial expressions, speech, and facial structure:

20. This bone provides attachment for the tongue and muscles of the oral cavity:

21. The sacrum is formed by the fusion of __ vertebrae, while the coccyx is formed by __ vertebrae.

22. Which of the following vertebral formulas is correct?

23. Which line separates two sarcomeres?

24. Which bone is located on the thumb side of the forearm?

25. The ilium, ischium, and pubis bones fuse together to form the __ bones in two halves.

26. Approximately how many joints are present in the human body?

27. These joints connect bones using dense connective tissue containing collagen fibers:

28. Which type of joint is found in the vertebral column?

29. Which of the following statements is correct?

30. Which disease causes hard uric acid crystals to form in the joints?

31. What type of fracture involves a complete break in the bone that visibly pierces the skin?

32. A mild to severe stretching or tearing of a ligament is known as a:

33. Smooth muscles are found in:

34. Cardiac muscles are arranged in a branching network, where cells are connected to form a:

35. The cardiac syncytium is a network of:

36. Which type of muscle does not show striations?

37. Skeletal muscles are:

38. Each group of muscle fibers, called a fascicle, is surrounded by a membrane known as:

39. What is the membranous network that runs parallel to the myofibrils called?

40. The dark region containing thick myosin filaments overlapping with thin filaments is known as the:

41. Which of the following statements best represents the theory proposed by Huxley and Hanson?

42. The cross-bridge cycle begins when a muscle fiber is stimulated by a ___ at the motor end plate.

43. Calcium ions are released and bind to the ___ component of the thin filaments.

44. The acetylcholine remaining in the synapse is broken down by:

45. The myosin head pulls the actin filament toward the M line, shortening the sarcomere. This action is called the:

46. ADP and phosphate are released during the:

47. The ability of one muscle to counteract the action of another muscle is called:

48. Which of the following is the largest and most complex synovial joint?

49. A muscle that is exercised continuously for a prolonged period may lose its ability to contract. This condition is known as:

50. ___ is an infectious disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS).