MDCAT XII Biology Homeostasis Online Test-2

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Created on July 02, 2025 By

📚 Test Details

Subject: Biology
Class: 2nd year / XII
Chapter: Homeostasis
Test: 2
Book: Sindh Textbook
Total No. Of MCQs: 50 MCQs
Time Allowed: 50 Minutes

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Price: Free

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1 / 50

1. In humans, the main site of ultrafiltration is:

a) Bowman’s capsule

b) Loop of Henle

c) Distal convoluted tubule

d) Collecting duct

2 / 50

2. Which of the following pressures is mainly responsible for filtration in the glomerulus?

a) Osmotic pressure of blood proteins

b) Hydrostatic pressure of blood in glomerular capillaries

c) Tubular hydrostatic pressure

d) Osmotic pressure of Bowman’s capsule

3 / 50

3. The percentage of water normally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate is about:

a) 20%

b) 50%

c) 65%

d) 99%

4 / 50

4. Which part of the nephron is largely impermeable to water?

a) Proximal convoluted tubule

b) Descending limb of Loop of Henle

c) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle

d) Collecting duct

5 / 50

5. Urea is mainly formed in the:

a) Kidney

b) Liver

c) Bladder

d) Small intestine

6 / 50

6. Which nitrogenous waste is least toxic and most soluble?

a) Urea

b) Ammonia

c) Uric acid

d) Creatinine

7 / 50

7. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kidney failure?

a) Accumulation of urea in blood

b) Edema

c) Increased urine output

d) High blood pressure

8 / 50

8. Kidney stones are mostly composed of:

a) Calcium oxalate

b) Uric acid

c) Sodium chloride

d) Magnesium phosphate

9 / 50

9. Which method uses the patient’s own peritoneum as a filter?

a) Hemodialysis

b) Artificial kidney machine

c) Peritoneal dialysis

d) Kidney transplant

10 / 50

10. Which blood vessel brings blood to the glomerulus?

a) Renal vein

b) Efferent arteriole

c) Afferent arteriole

d) Peritubular capillary

11 / 50

11. Blood leaves the glomerulus through:

a) Renal artery

b) Afferent arteriole

c) Efferent arteriole

d) Vasa recta

12 / 50

12. Which part of the nephron shows maximum reabsorption of glucose?

a) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

b) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

c) Loop of Henle

d) Collecting duct

13 / 50

13. The hormone that increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water is:

a) Aldosterone

b) Adrenaline

c) Insulin

d) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

14 / 50

14. Which of these is mainly involved in maintaining the osmotic gradient in the medulla?

a) Glomerulus

b) Bowman’s capsule

c) Loop of Henle

d) Renal pelvis

15 / 50

15. Tubular secretion occurs mainly in which part?

a) Proximal convoluted tubule

b) Loop of Henle

c) Bowman’s capsule

d) Glomerulus

16 / 50

16. Which structure surrounds the glomerulus?

a) Loop of Henle

b) Bowman’s capsule

c) Collecting duct

d) Vasa recta

17 / 50

17. Which of the following has the smallest diameter?

a) Renal vein

b) Afferent arteriole

c) Efferent arteriole

d) Renal artery

18 / 50

18. Juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates:

a) Blood sugar level

b) Body temperature

c) Blood pressure and GFR

d) Oxygen transport

19 / 50

19. Which of these structures is NOT part of the renal corpuscle?

a) Bowman’s capsule

b) Glomerulus

c) Loop of Henle

d) Capsular space

20 / 50

20. Which hormone mainly promotes sodium reabsorption in the nephron?

a) ADH

b) Insulin

c) Aldosterone

d) Thyroxine

21 / 50

21. Which nitrogenous waste is excreted by birds and reptiles?

a) Ammonia

b) Urea

c) Uric acid

d) Creatinine

22 / 50

22. The main nitrogenous waste excreted by freshwater fish is:

a) Ammonia

b) Urea

c) Uric acid

d) Creatine

23 / 50

23. Which kidney condition is characterized by accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints?

a) Kidney stones

b) Gout

c) Uremia

d) Glomerulonephritis

24 / 50

24. Which structure directly receives urine from the collecting ducts?

a) Bowman’s capsule

b) Renal pelvis

c) Ureter

d) Bladder

25 / 50

25. What is the function of vasa recta?

a) Filtration

b) Active secretion

c) Maintain medullary osmotic gradient

d) Urine storage

26 / 50

26. Which of these animals uses sweating for thermoregulation?

a) Fish

b) Camel

c) Frog

d) Lizard

27 / 50

27. Which method uses an artificial semi-permeable membrane to remove wastes from blood?

a) Peritoneal dialysis

b) Hemodialysis

c) Kidney transplant

d) Lithotripsy

28 / 50

28. In humans, the urine is temporarily stored in:

a) Renal pelvis

b) Ureter

c) Urinary bladder

d) Urethra

29 / 50

29. Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

a) Glucose

b) Amino acids

c) Urea

d) Creatinine

30 / 50

30. Which of these kidney diseases is caused by bacterial infection of the glomeruli?

a) Gout

b) Glomerulonephritis

c) Renal failure

d) Kidney stones

31 / 50

31. Thermoregulation in humans in controlled by:

a) hippocampus

b) Hypothalamus

c) Parathyroid

d) both A and B

32 / 50

32. Which is the correct path of urine flow after formation in the nephron?

a) Bowman’s capsule → collecting duct → ureter → bladder

b) Loop of Henle → Bowman’s capsule → ureter → bladder

c) Collecting duct → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder

d) Bowman’s capsule → urethra → bladder

33 / 50

33. Which of the following does not happen in case of hyperthermia?

a) evaporation

b) vasoconstriction

c) convection

d) conductionconduction

e) none of these

34 / 50

34. Which hormone deficiency causes diabetes insipidus?

a) Aldosterone

b) ADH

c) Insulin

d) Renin

35 / 50

35. A desert animal like the kangaroo rat conserves water mainly by:

a) Producing highly concentrated urine

b) Drinking large amounts of water

c) Having large sweat glands

d) Using dialysis

36 / 50

36. Shivering of body in thermoregulation is:

a) Voluntary action of muscles to generate heat

b) Voluntary action of muscles to loss heat

c) Involuntary action of muscles to generate heat

d) Involuntary action of muscles to loss heat

37 / 50

37. What is the approximate daily glomerular filtrate formed in an adult human?

a) 5 liters

b) 15 liters

c) 125 liters

d) 180 liters

38 / 50

38. Which component is normally absent in healthy urine?

a) Urea

b) Glucose

c) Water

d) Salts

39 / 50

39. Cold diuresis occur due to......and results in

a) Decreased level of ADH and concentrated urine

b) Decreases level of vasporessin. , dilute urine

c) increased level of ADH dilute urine

d) increased level of Vasopressin concentrated urine

40 / 50

40. Which nitrogen containing waste product is formed by breakdown of proteins?

a) Urea

b) Uric Acid

c) both A and B

d) none of these

41 / 50

41. Hemodialysis removes waste products mainly by:

a) Active transport

b) Pinocytosis

c) Diffusion through a membrane

d) Phagocytosis

42 / 50

42. Which one of these processes does NOT occur in the Loop of Henle?

a) Filtration

b) Reabsorption of water

c) Reabsorption of salts

d) Counter-current multiplication

43 / 50

43. Process of excretion involves:

a) Removal of metabolic wastes

b) Maintaining pH of body

c) controlling osmotic pressure

d) all of these

44 / 50

44. Carbamide is another name for:

a) Ammonia

b) Urea

c) Uric acid

d) both b and c

45 / 50

45. Which part of the nephron directly connects to the collecting duct?

a) Proximal convoluted tubule

b) Loop of Henle

c) Distal convoluted tubule

d) Bowman’s capsule

46 / 50

46. The presence of large proteins in urine indicates damage to:

a) Loop of Henle

b) Collecting duct

c) Glomerulus

d) Renal pelvis

47 / 50

47. Which hormone acts to conserve body water by increasing water reabsorption?

a) Renin

b) Insulin

c) ADH

d) Glucagon

48 / 50

48. Which method can completely cure chronic renal failure?

a) Hemodialysis

b) Peritoneal dialysis

c) Kidney transplant

d) Blood transfusion

49 / 50

49. Which thermoregulatory mechanism is common in dogs?

a) Sweating through skin

b) Shivering

c) Panting

d) Burrowing underground

50 / 50

50. Which process helps move hydrogen ions into the renal tubule for pH regulation?

a) Filtration

b) Passive diffusion

c) Selective reabsorption

d) Tubular secretion

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MDCAT XII Biology Homeostasis Online Test-2

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