MDCAT XII Biology Evolution Online Test-2

Instructions for MDCAT XII Biology Evolution Online Test-2:

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Test Details:

Subject: Biology
Class: 2nd year or 12
Chapter Name: Evolution
Test: MDCAT 2025
Book: Sindh Textbook
Total No. Of MCQS: 50 MCQS
Time Allowed: 50 Minutes
Price: Free

180

Created on April 25, 2025 By

medicoengineer.com

MDCAT XII Biology Evolution Online Test-2

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NameEmailPhone Number

1 / 50

1. What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics?

a) It proves that evolution is always occurring.

b) It helps calculate mutation rates in populations

c) It provides a baseline to detect changes in allele frequencies, indicating evolution.

d) It explains the process of natural selection in detail

2 / 50

2. Genetic drift is also known as neutral selection because:

a) All changes favor better survival.

b) Most variations occur randomly without selection pressure

c) Only harmful mutations are passed on

d) Environmental factors have no role in evolution

3 / 50

3. If the frequency of allele A (p) is 0.19, what is the frequency of allele a (q)?

a) 0.81

b) 0.19

c) 1.19

d) 0.50

4 / 50

4. In the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, what does q² represent?

a) Frequency of dominant allele

b) Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype

c) Total allele frequency

d) Frequency of heterozygous genotype

5 / 50

5. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does '2pq' represent?

a) Frequency of dominant allele

b) Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

c) Frequency of heterozygous genotype

d) Frequency of recessive allele

6 / 50

6. Which of the following is NOT a condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

a) Large population size

b) Random mating

c) High mutation rate

d) No migration

7 / 50

7. What does the Hardy-Weinberg theorem state?

a) Allele frequencies change constantly in populations

b) Genotype frequencies remain constant without disturbing factors

c) Dominant alleles always increase in frequency

d) Evolution is random and unpredictable

8 / 50

8. What plays a major role in speciation according to Neo-Darwinism?

a) Mutation

b) Reproductive isolation

c) Random mating

d) Genetic drift

9 / 50

9. What is the main difference between Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism?

a) Darwinism includes genetics; Neo-Darwinism doesn’t

b) Neo-Darwinism is based on genetic variation and inheritance

c) Neo-Darwinism denies natural selection

d) Darwinism considers mutations as a primary force

10 / 50

10. What is the major driving force of evolution according to Neo-Darwinism?

a) Mutation

b) Natural selection

c) Genetic drift

d) Artificial selection

11 / 50

11. Which scientist's work formed the genetic foundation for Neo-Darwinism?

a) Charles Darwin

b) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

c) Gregor Mendel

d) Hugo de Vries

12 / 50

12. What does Neo-Darwinism primarily focus on?

a) Environmental factors only

b) Inheritance of acquired traits

c) Genetic variation and natural selection

d) Artificial selection in farming

13 / 50

13. What effect does genetic drift have on small populations?

a) It strengthens genetic diversity.

b) It causes alleles to mutate faster.

c) It makes allele frequency changes stronger.

d) It stabilizes allele frequencies over generations.

14 / 50

14. If the frequency of allele P is 0.1, what is the percentage of heterozygous individuals?

a) 20

b) 18

c) 90

d) 92

15 / 50

15. What does genetic drift refer to?

a) Natural selection due to environmental pressures

b) Changes in allelic frequency from generation to generation

c) Increase in genetic variation in large populations

d) Mutations caused by external factors

16 / 50

16. In the founder effect, which of the following leads to reproductive isolation?

a) Sudden death due to disease

b) Genetic mutation

c) Migration to a geographically isolated area

d) Climatic changes in the environment

17 / 50

17. What causes the change in allelic frequencies in the founder effect?

a) Large population size

b) Genetic mutations only

c) Reproduction within a small, isolated group

d) Environmental pollution

18 / 50

18. Tick the correct statement:

a) The bottleneck effect occurs due to a sudden decrease in population size from natural disasters.

b) The founder effect always increases genetic diversity.

c) Genetic drift does not affect small populations.

d) Bottleneck effect results in increased allelic variation

19 / 50

19. Tick the correct statement:

a) In sympatric speciation, new species arise without geographic separation.

b) Allopatric speciation occurs when populations share the same habitat and freely interbreed.

c) Peripatric speciation involves large population groups spreading across different continents.

d) Parapatric speciation occurs due to complete reproductive isolation from the start.

20 / 50

20. In which type of speciation do populations occupy the same geographical area?

a) Allopatric speciation

b) Peripatric speciation

c) Parapatric speciation

d) Sympatric speciation

21 / 50

21. What is speciation?

a) The extinction of species

b) The process of reproduction in plants

c) The biological process of forming new species

d) The migration of species to new areas

22 / 50

22. Which one is NOT a vestigial organ?

a) Vermiform appendix in carnivores

b) Ear muscles in man

c) Nictating membrane in mammals

d) None of these (All are vestigial organs)

23 / 50

23. Darwin's theory "The Origin of Species" was published in:

a) 1830

b) 1840

c) 1858

d) 1859

24 / 50

24. According to Charles Darwin, the 13 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands:

a) Probably evolved from one ancestral South American species

b) Had all adapted to the same food sources

c) Both A & B

d) None of these

25 / 50

25. The demerit in Darwinism was its failure to explain the cause of:

a) Survival of fittest

b) Over Production

c) Variation

d) Struggle for existence

26 / 50

26. Divergent evolution results in the formation of:

a) Analogous organs

b) Homologous organs

c) Vestigial organs

d) Embryonic organs

27 / 50

27. Which type of speciation involves a small group breaking off from a larger population?

a) Allopatric speciation

b) Sympatric speciation

c) Peripatric speciation

d) Parapatric speciation

28 / 50

28. Sympatric speciation occurs when populations:

a) Are geographically isolated

b) Occupy the same area but develop distinct traits

c) Are separated by a physical barrier

d) Migrate to new habitats

29 / 50

29. Speciation is the process of:

a) Formation of new species

b) Extinction of species

c) Genetic equilibrium

d) Inheritance of acquired traits

30 / 50

30. The bottleneck effect is a type of genetic drift caused by:

a) Random mating

b) Natural catastrophes

c) Geographic isolation

d) Artificial selection

31 / 50

31. Genetic drift is more pronounced in:

a) Large populations

b) Small populations

c) Stable populations

d) Mutated populations

32 / 50

32. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term “2pq” represents the frequency of:

a) Homozygous dominant individuals

b) Homozygous recessive individuals

c) Heterozygous individuals

d) Mutated individuals

33 / 50

33. The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem describes:

a) Changes in allele frequencies due to mutations

b) Genetic equilibrium in a population

c) Speciation through geographic isolation

d) Natural selection in small populations

34 / 50

34. Neo-Darwinism differs from Darwinism by incorporating:

a) Genetic basis for variation

b) Use and disuse of organs

c) Divine creation

d) Lamarck’s principles

35 / 50

35. Who collaborated with Darwin to jointly present the theory of natural selection in 1858?

a) Charles Lyell

b) Alfred Wallace

c) Jean Lamarck

d) 1Thomas Malthus

36 / 50

36. Thomas Malthus’ theory on population growth inspired Darwin’s concept of:

a) Genetic Drift

b) Survival of the Fittest

c) Inheritance of Acquired Characters

d) Endosymbiosis

37 / 50

37. The concept of “descent with modification” implies that organisms:

a) Are unrelated to each other

b) Share a common ancestry

c) Are fixed and immutable

d) Evolve through acquired traits

38 / 50

38. Darwin observed variations in the beak sizes of finches on the Galapagos Islands, which supported:

a) lamarckism

b) Natural Selection

c) Special Creation

d) Genetic Drift

39 / 50

39. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is primarily based on:

a) Inheritance of acquired characters

b) Natural selection

c) Use and disuse of organs

d) Divine creation

40 / 50

40. Why was Lamarck’s theory criticized?

a) It lacked experimental support

b) It supported divine creation

c) It ignored natural selection

d) It was based on genetics

41 / 50

41. According to Lamarck, the long neck of giraffes evolved due to:

a) Natural selection

b) Use and disuse of organs

c) Genetic mutations

d) Random mating

42 / 50

42. Lamarck’s theory of evolution is also known as:

a) Natural Selection

b) Inheritance of Acquired Characters

c) Survival of the Fittest

d) Genetic Drift

43 / 50

43. The Endosymbiotic Theory was proposed by:

a) Charles Darwin

b) Lynn Margulis

c) Jean Lamarck

d) Alfred Wallace

44 / 50

44. Which theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved by enclosing genetic material through membrane invagination?

a) Endosymbiotic Theory

b) Lamarckism

c) Neo-Darwinism

d) None of these

45 / 50

45. The universal genetic code across organisms supports evolution through evidence from:

a) Paleontology

b) Comparative Anatomy

c) Molecular Biology

d) Biogeography

46 / 50

46. The wings of a bat and an insect are examples of:

a) Homologous organs

b) Analogous organs

c) Vestigial organs

d) Embryonic organs

47 / 50

47. Homologous organs are characterized by:

a) Similar function but different structure

b) Similar structure but different function

c) Different structure and different function

d) Same structure and same function

48 / 50

48. Archaeopteryx is considered a connecting link between:

a) Reptiles and Birds

b) Fish and Amphibians

c) Amphibians and Reptiles

d) Birds and Mammals

49 / 50

49. Which theory suggests that species were created by God and are fixed and immutable?

a) Theory of Evolution

b) Theory of Special Creation

c) Lamarckism

d) Neo-Darwinism

50 / 50

50. What is the primary definition of evolution in biology?

a) Sudden changes in an organism’s traits

b) Gradual development from simple to complex forms

c) Fixity of species without any changes

d) Creation of species by divine intervention

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MDCAT XII Biology Evolution Online Test-2

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