MDCAT XI Biology The Cell and Functions Online Test-2

797

Created on June 16, 2025 By

📚 Test Details

Subject: Biology
Class: 1st year / XI
Chapter Name: The Cell Structure and Functions
Test: 2
Book: Sindh Textbook
Total No. Of MCQs: 50 MCQs
Time Allowed: 50 Minutes

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1 / 50

1. The fungal cell wall primarily consists of:

a) Peptidoglycan

b) Chitin

c) Cellulose

d) Glycogen

2 / 50

2. The cell plate formed during cytokinesis ultimately becomes which structure, functioning as a cementing layer between two daughter cells?

a) Middle lamella

b) Primary cell wall

c) Secondary cell wall

d) Tertiary lamella

3 / 50

3. The middle lamella, responsible for cellular adhesion in plants, is predominantly composed of:

a) Primary cell wall material

b) Lignin

c) Calcium and magnesium pectates

d) Plasma membrane components

4 / 50

4. Which of the following statements regarding the secondary cell wall is accurate?

a) It is situated between the middle lamella and the primary cell wall

b) It is not deposited in all plant cells

c) It is formed prior to primary wall maturation

d) All of the above

5 / 50

5. The carbohydrate moiety of glycolipids and glycoproteins contributes approximately what percentage to the total membrane mass?

a) 10–20%

b) 5–20%

c) 15–25%

d) 5–10%

6 / 50

6. Which membrane proteins facilitate passive transport of hydrophilic substances across the lipid bilayer?

a) Peripheral proteins

b) Extrinsic proteins

c) Intrinsic proteins

d) A and B

7 / 50

7. The platform responsible for receptor binding, ion channels, enzymatic activity, antigen recognition, and membrane fluidity is:

a) Cell wall

b) Plasma membrane

c) Proteins

d) Lipids

8 / 50

8. The fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer under varying temperature conditions is modulated by altering the ratio of:

a) Saturated fatty acids

b) Simple lipids

c) Unsaturated fatty acids

d) All of the above

9 / 50

9. The mechanism by which cells expel vesicular contents via fusion with the plasma membrane is termed:

a) Passive transport

b) Endocytosis

c) Active transport

d) Exocytosis

10 / 50

10. Which component of the plasma membrane imparts rigidity and restricts ion permeability, particularly for protons and sodium ions?

a) Phospholipids

b) Proteins

c) Cholesterol

d) Fatty acids

11 / 50

11. Glycolipids perform which of the following functions?

a) Enhancing membrane stability

b) Mediating cell-to-cell recognition

c) Participating in immune responses

d) . All of the above

12 / 50

12. Blood group specificity on red blood cells is determined by the presence of:

a) Glycolipids

b) Glycoproteins

c) Cerebrosides

d) surface enzymes

13 / 50

13. Which component contributes to AB blood group antigen formation and plays a role in transfusion compatibility?

a) Glycoproteins

b) Mucoids

c) Glycolipids

d) A and B

14 / 50

14. The cytosol contains a dynamic mixture of:

a) Inorganic salts

b) Vitamins

c) Amino acids

d) All of the above

15 / 50

15. Which structure acts as the site of most metabolic reactions within the cell?

a) Mitochondrion

b) Nucleus

c) Plasma membrane

d) Cytosol

16 / 50

16. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is best described as:

a) A tubular lipoprotein network extending from nuclear envelope to plasma membrane

b) A canal system of sacs extending from nuclear membrane to plasma membrane

c) A system of vesicles lacking ribosomes

d) None of the above

17 / 50

17. Which of the following statements is true?

a) RER is abundant in adipose, interstitial, and glycogen-storing cells

b) SER is involved in detoxification of xenobiotics

c) RER contributes to Golgi formation

d) All of the above

18 / 50

18. Ribosomes are composed of approximately:

a) 60% RNA, 40% protein

b) 40% RNA, 60% protein

c) Equal proportions of RNA and protein

d) 20% RNA, 80% protein

19 / 50

19. Which ion is essential for stabilizing ribosome structure and mediating translation?

a) Ca²⁺

b) K⁺

c) Mg²⁺

d) Disulfide bond

20 / 50

20. A functional unit comprising multiple ribosomes attached to a single mRNA is known as:

a) Polynucleotide

b) Polysome

c) Conjugate

d) None

21 / 50

21. Identify the incorrect statement:

a) Golgi morphology is identical in plant and animal cells

b) The cis face is the forming face of the Golgi apparatus

c) Golgi bodies are prominent in secretory (glandular) cells

d) Microbodies originate from the rough ER

22 / 50

22. Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true?

a) Present in both plant and animal cells

b) Contain approximately 40 hydrolytic enzymes

c) Participate in autophagy during cellular turnover

d) All of the above

23 / 50

23. Loss of Myelin , mental retardation and death by age of 2 are symptoms of which disease ?

a) Tay–Sachs disease

b) Krabbe’s disease

c) Gaucher's Disease

d) Encephalitis

24 / 50

24. Mental retardation is a common symptom in which of the following disorders?

a) Tay–Sachs

b) Gaucher’s

c) Krabbe’s

d) all of the above

25 / 50

25. Progressive blindness and death by the age of 3 are characteristic of:

a) Tay–Sachs disease

b) Gaucher’s disease

c) Krabbe’s disease

d) Sinusitis

26 / 50

26. Hepatosplenomegaly and bone erosion are typical features of:

a) Krabbe’s disease

b) Gaucher’s disease

c) Tay–Sachs disease

d) Disc herniation

27 / 50

27. Programmed cell death, regulated via intrinsic genetic signals, is termed:

a) Apoptosis

b) Autolysis

c) Autophagy

d) Necrosis

28 / 50

28. In germinating seeds, fatty acids are converted to carbohydrates via the:

a) Glycolytic cycle

b) Hydroxylate cycle

c) Glyoxylate cycle

d) Glycogenolysis cycle

29 / 50

29. Which of the following statements regarding peroxisomes is true?

a) They participate in detoxification and degradation of toxic molecules

b) Contain catalase and peroxidase exclusively

c) Convert glycine into glycolate

d) All of the above

30 / 50

30. Peroxisomes are:

a) Are abundant in hepatocytes

b) Detoxify alcohol in liver and kidney cells

c) Exist in desert-adapted animals like camels

d) All of the above

31 / 50

31. Match the organelle with its associated structure:

1.ER

2.Golgi apparatus

3. Mitochondria

a.Cristae

b,Cisternae

a) 1→a, 2→b, 3→a

b) 1→a, 2→a, 3→b

c) 1→b, 2→a, 3→a

d) 1→b, 2→b, 3→a

32 / 50

32. Mitochondrial inheritance in animals is:

a) Paternal

b) Maternal

c) Biparental

d) Non-genomic

33 / 50

33. The key below can be used to separate the following cell organelles:
nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes and lysosomes.

(i) membrane with definite pores .......... V
(ii) inner membrane with stalked particles attached .......... W
(iii) inner membrane folded into thylakoids .......... X
(iv) composed of one unit .......... Y
(v) composed of one large and one small sub-unit .......... Z

What are V, W, X, Y and Z?

a) Chloroplast,Lysosomes, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria

b) Chloroplast, nucleus, Lysosomes , mitochondria , ribosomes

c) Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Ribosomes

d) Nucleus,Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Lysosomes, Ribosomes

34 / 50

34. A tadpole's tail is gradually broken down during metamorphosis into an adult frog. Which organelle increases in number in the cells of the tail at this time?

a) centriole

b) endoplasmic reticulum

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Lysosome

35 / 50

35. Cells without nucleoli die because they do not possess:

a) centrioles and are unable to undergo cell division.

b) lysosomes and are unable to destroy worn out organelles

c) mitochondria and are unable to obtain energy

d) ribosomes and are unable to manufacture proteins.

36 / 50

36. The belief that life can originate from non-living matter is referred to as:

a) Germ theory

b) Cell theory

c) Biogenesis

d) Abiogenesis

37 / 50

37. Cell theory states:

a) All living organisms consist of one or more cells

b) Cells arise only from pre-existing cells

c) Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life

d) All of the above

38 / 50

38. According to the unit membrane model, the structure of the plasma membrane consists of:

a) Lipid bilayer sandwiched between proteins

b) Protein bilayer enclosed by lipids

c) Cholesterol layers with protein embedding

d) Protein–cholesterol–lipid complex

39 / 50

39. The plasma membrane exhibits which permeability characteristic?

a) Selective permeability

b) Partial permeability

c) Semi-permeability

d) All of the above

40 / 50

40. Which of the following is not found in the plasma membrane?plasma membrane?

a) Carbohydrates

b) Nucleic acids

c) Lipids

d) Fatty acids

41 / 50

41. Double-membraned, protoplasmic organelles involved in synthesis and storage in plants are:

a) Peroxisomes

b) Plastids

c) Glyoxysomes

d) Centrioles

42 / 50

42. Which of the following statements about plastids is correct?

a) “Leuco” denotes white

b) Chromoplasts contain pigments other than chlorophyll

c) Leucoplasts develop in presence of light and are found underground

d) All of the above

43 / 50

43. Which of the following is a semi-autonomous organelle?

a) Mitochondria

b) Chromoplast

c) Nucleus

d) All of the above

44 / 50

44. The cellular network of proteins that confers structural support and shape to the cell is termed:

a) Microfilaments

b) Microtubules

c) Protein mesh

d) Cytoskeleton

45 / 50

45. Which cytoskeletal elements are relatively stable and not subject to frequent remodeling?

a) Microfilaments

b) Microtubules

c) Intermediate filaments

d) A and C

46 / 50

46. Each centriole is composed of:

a) Nine sets of microtubules

b) Six sets of triplet microtubules

c) Nine triplet microtubule sets

d) Nine microtubules

47 / 50

47. Which of the following is not a non-membranous organelle?

a) Ribosome

b) Nucleolus

c) Chromoplast

d) All of the above

48 / 50

48. The diploid chromosome number in Drosophila melanogaster is:

a) 14

b) 8

c) 20

d) 28

49 / 50

49. Which chromosomal type is absent in humans?

a) Metacentric

b) Submetacentric

c) Telocentric

d) Subtelocentric

50 / 50

50. A chromosome with one long and one short arm is termed:

a) Telocentric

b) Sub telocentric

c) Submetacentric

d) Metacentric

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MDCAT XI Biology The Cell and Functions Online Test-2

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